Compendium Review digestion/glucose/diet

What does a cell need?

oxygen for cell respiration, to make ATP that is used to power all the reactions of cell's metabolism

glucose the main chemical combined with oxygen in cellular respiration

Glycolysis and Kreb's Cycle

Glucose diffuses through special protein pores on cell membrane

Insulin is a protein secreted by pancreas into blood usually following a meal

stimulates cells to take up glucose and either store it or use it in cellular metabolism

Type 1 diabetes- no insulin produced by pancreas

Type 2 diabetes- obesity related cells become resistant to insulin and cant utilize glucose

Essential amino acids

only additional nutrients that body can't produce

needed for making proteins 8 essential foor digestion food in the body

How do nutrients get to cells?

Digestion, diffuse across wall of gut into blood, travel through bloodstream, diffuse into cells

This is a copy of the slide and can also be found in the text on page 144. It's a great picture to look at and really understand how the digestive system really works.






Nutrients and Diet:
molecules of life, food groups, vitamins and minerals, tables in book pages 160-163
How people decide what to eat:
cultural and commercial influences
government policies influence how food is grown and distributed
Results: typical dinner plate has traveled 1500 miles
packaged and processed food dominate in diet
small farmers cant compete with huge distributors
use of nutritionism to justify products "low fat"
loss of knowledge how to produce food or even where it comes from
What is a healthy diet?
diets advertised as healthy probably are not
nutritionism approach doesn't usually work because it is home cooked meals not not nutrients that inspire people to eat well
most culturally based cuisines are good
What's healthy? non packaged, homecooked, culturally based, spirtitually satisfying.
How is food raised? What is a healthy agro-ecosystem- most food is not farmed and factory produced so production looks for maximum short and medium term profit, not consurned of long term health of consumers, responsive to government regulations not local prestige
*small farmers survive by growing local prestige